How to make a sundial
08.08.10
What you need
- Two thick sheets of cardboard A4 (standard sheet of typing paper);
- Compasses;
- Scissors
- Transportation;
- Sharpened pencils;
- Ruler with millimeter divisions;
- Elbow (for construction of right angles).
I. Making a clock face
1. Lay sheet horizontally. Around the center of the sheet dot “1″ and draw through her two mutually perpendicular lines: horizontal and vertical.
2. All construction devils easily without clicking on the pencil. Many lines play a supportive role and will be overwritten later!
3. Spend three circles centered at the point “1″ radius of 5, 6,5 and 7,5 cm
4. Partition a protractor Time line around a circle around the point of “1″ every 15 °. The beginning of reference take a horizontal line. Then draw the lines from the center to the first circle and continue them on the second circle to the third.
5. From those points where the vertical line intersects the largest circle (point “2″ and “3″), spend two more horizontal lines, exactly perpendicular to this vertical. Measure of the points “2″ and “3″ to the right segments at these new lines in length by 9 cm and unite their right ends of another vertical segment. Now the left semicircle and the resulting rectangle outline the exact contours of the future dial.
6. To continue the vertical distance up and down a further 1.5 cm, and unite the points obtained (“4″ and “5″) respectively with the points “2″ and “3″. These two triangles are folded up.
7. Will last two horizontal lines for point “2″ and “3″ as the 1.5 cm and are connected by two new points. The resulting band will also be bent upwards.
8. Then, to seal between a triangle and a narrow strip of Catete triangles, we must draw on the lapels of 1,5 cm and the same width. Lapels should be slightly narrower than the distance from the sides of the triangle. Just on the side they are folded back and glued to the outside of the strip.
9. Wipe carefully, both inside the circle, as well as the right half of the large circle inside the large rectangle. Prolong Time line right semicircle before crossing the borders of the rectangle.
10. Proposing a line of future cut, bold traced it from the right edge of the rectangle into 4,5 cm to the center.
11. Sign the clock each time the line indices (for this special place is left between the two inner circles). First, put the figure of 12 (or CP) on the right opposite the central horizontal line (just where will be cut to install the gnomon). Then in a clockwise direction to partition the line at 11. Sign the clock each time the line indices (for this special place is left between the two inner circles). First, put the figure of 12 (or CP) on the right opposite the central horizontal line (just where will be cut to install the gnomon). Then in a clockwise direction to partition the line to increase hours and – against the reduction. The dial is ready!
12. Engrave received dial with lapels. Nadrezh blade slot 12. Engrave received dial with lapels. Nadrezh blade slot the width of your cardboard. Zagny triangles and strip and glue them together.
II. Making the gnomon (pointer) sundial
1. Lay the second sheet is also horizontally and mark-to-face point about the middle of the underside of the leaf (point “5″). Through her, a vertical line perpendicular to a strictly horizontal side.
2. Measure up this line exactly 9 cm (this is the point “6″). From it, taking as a reference point a vertical line, measuring angle of inclination of the equator in your city (90 ° minus the latitude of the place, for Moscow’s latitude is 56 °, hence, the angle of – 34 °).
3. From the point of “5″ on the right look before 9 cm along the bottom of the sheet. Also and the right of the point “6″ if the horizontal look before the interval 1,5 see Connect the two and the right of the point “6″ if the horizontal look before the interval 1,5 see Connect these two points. The result is a trapezoid with a wide base and narrow apex.
4. Sketch on the right side of the trapezoid in a wide arc that starts from the top of the party and ending at a distance of 3.5 cm from its lower end.
5. What remains now is to attach a small lapel 1,5 cm to the upper side of a trapezoid, slightly narrowing the distance from the side. This lapel gnomon will be attached to the dial (also with its external sides).
6. Now gallop cut length 4.5 cm from the point of “5″ to point “6″ along vertical lines.
7. Make this cut edge of the same width as the thickness of cardboard. Engrave and all the trapeze, keeping lapel. Gnomon is ready!
8. Insert gnomon cutout in the dial cutout “long” triangle up. Hours are ready!
How do I use them?
You must set the clock so that the gnomon is exactly pointed to the North Star spearheaded. The dial is turned up, but tilted toward the horizon, just as necessary to set the clock so that the gnomon is exactly pointed to the North Star to its tip. The dial is turned up, but tilted toward the horizon, just like the equator. Therefore the clock itself, which you did, are called equatorial.
To ensure proper installation of them, enough to determine the compass direction to the north, and so set the clock to the line 12 – 24 hours has been oriented to the north, and the division at 12 o’clock dials was drawn to the north. Then the tip of gnomon will be concentrated on the North Star. Now the clock shows you how the plane is the celestial equator, as is the axis of the world.
Find out how to work your hours. They always show local apparent solar time. You will notice that their testimony differed from the testimony of mechanical watches, which indicate the average standard time always.
Tags: CP, Lapels, radius, Sharpened pencils, sundial, the history, watchmaking